MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
SUPPLIER: XENTEX®CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES INC. -----------
P.O.B. 220 Streetsville XENTEX®12
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. L5M 2B8 -----------
MSDS Number: 0010
Date of MSDS:January 7, 1997
FOR EMERGENCY CONTACT - Tel: 905-826-2999
Fax: 905-826-8272
® is a registered trademark of XENTEX CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES INC.
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section 1 - Product Identification
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Product Name: XENTEX®12 Product Use: Reagent
Chemical Description: Concentrated sulfuric acid
Synonyms: Sulphuric acid, dihydrogen sulfate, hydrogen sulfate,oil of
vitriol,spirit of sulfur, acide sulfurique.
Molecular Formula: H2-O4-S Structural Formula: (HO)2-S(=O)2
RTECS Number: WS5600000 PIN ( UN / NA Numbers ): 1830, 1832
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Section 2 - Ingredients
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Chemical Identity Cas Number % Weight OSHA/PEL ACGIH/TLV-TWA
Sulfuric Acid 7664-93-9 78-100 1 mg/m3 1 mg/m3
Water 7732-18-5 0 - 12 n/e n/e
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Section 3 - Physical Data
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Appearance and Odor: Clear, colorless, odorless, dense, and oily
liquid when pure. yellow to dark brown when
impure. Hygroscopic (5,6).
Odour Threshold: A value of greater than 1mg/m3 has been reported
(15).Irritation has been experienced between 1 and 3
Mg/M3 10).
Odour Warning Property: Poor. Since odor threshold and irritation is
at or above the TLV. Tolerance can occur.
Composition /Purity: Sulfuric acid is commercially available as a
solution of technical (78-93%) and other grades
(96,98-99, and 100%).
Impurities may include arsenic,copper,iron,lead,
mercury, selenium, zinc, sulfurous acid,nitrates,
and chlorides (6,14).
Specific Gravity @ 15 Deg C (Water=1): 1.706 (77.7%); 1.835 (93%);
1.844 (98%);
1.839 (100%)(6,14,16)
Molecular Weight: 98.08
Vapor Density: 3.4 (Air =1)
Vapor Pressure (At 25 Deg C): < 0.3 Mm Hg ( 0.04 Kpa ) (5,16).
Saturation Vapor Concentration: < 395 Ppm (0.04%) @ 25 Deg C (Calculated)
Evaporation Rate :Na % Volatile By Volume : Na
Melting Point: -12 Deg C(10 Deg F)(77.7%); -35 Deg C (-31 Deg F)(93%;
-2 Deg C(28 Deg F)(98%); 11 Deg C(52 Deg F)(100%).(16)
Boiling Point:193 Deg C(380 Deg F)(77.7%); 279 Deg C(534 Deg F)(93%);
327 Deg C(621 Deg F)(98%);274deg C(525 Deg F)(100%).(16)
Solubility In Water: Soluble in all proportions with generation of
much heat(6).
Solubility In Other Liquids: Soluble in ethanol (decomposes) (6, 15)
Critical Temperature: Approx.670 Deg C(93%);Approx. 655 Deg C(100%).
(14)
Partition Coefficient: NA
Viscosity : 25 Centipoise (25 Mpa.S) At 25 Deg C (100%). (14)
Ph: 0.3(1 N Solution); 1.2(0.1 N Solution); 2.1(0.01 N Solution)(15).
Basicity: Strong Acid; Pka=1.92 At 25 Deg C (15).
Surface Tension: 50 Dynes/Cm At 25 Deg C (100%). (14)
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Section 4 - Fire And Explosion Hazard
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Flash Point( Closed Cup ):NA Flammable Limits In Air( Lfl/Ufl): NA
Extinguishing Media: Use extinguishing media appropriate for
surrounding fire and compatible with acids.
Special Fire Fighting Procedure: Evacuate area and fight fire from a
safe distance or a protected loca-
tion. Approach fire from upwind.
Containers may explode in the heat
of the fire. Use water in flooding
quantities as a spray or fog to keep
fire-exposed containers cool. Apply
water, as an extinguishant or as a
coolant from as far a distance as
possible. Move containers away from
fire area if it can be done without
risk.avoid spraying water directly
into the acid container. Do not
direct water spray at source of leak.
Use water spray or fog to reduce or
direct vapors. Do not enter without
wearing specialized protective
equipment suitable for the situation.
Firefighter's normal protective
clothing (bunker gear) will not
provide adequate protection. A full-
body encapsulated chemical resistant
suit with positive pressure self-
contained breathing apparatus (msha/
niosh approved or equivalent) may be
necessary. Trained personnel may
neutralize spill.
Fire And Explosion Hazards: Contact with most metals especially when
sulfuric acid is diluted with water
produces highly flammable hydrogen gas
which may form explosive mixture in air.
Fire may result from the heat generated by
contact of concentrated sulfuric acid with
combustible materials.
Sulfuric acid reacts violently with water
and organic materials with evolution of
heat. During fire, irritating/toxic sulfur
oxides may be generated. Containers may
explode in the heat of a fire.
Autoignition Temperature: NA
TDG Flammability Classification: Not Flammable
Toxic Combustion Gases: Oxides of sulfur
Sensitivity To Mechanical Impact : None identified
Sensitivity To Static Discharge: None identified
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Section 5 - Health Hazard Data
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Threshold Limit Value( TLV / TWA ):1 mg/m3 STEL / PEL : 1 mg/m3
LD 50 (Oral, Rat) mg/kg: 2140 (2)
LC 50 (Mouse) mg/m3: 320 (2-Hour Exposure);
160 (Equivalent 4-Hour Exposure) (1)
LC 50 (Rat) mg/m3 : 510 (2-Hour Exposure);
255 (Equivalent 4-Hour Exposure) (1)
Carcinogenicity: Iarc Has Concluded There Is Sufficient Evidence That
Occupational Exposure To Strong Inorganic Acid Mists
Containing Sulfuric Acid Is Carcinogenic To Humans
(Group 1)(6). Many studies have reported an excess of
cancer of larynx, and to a lesser extent the lungs,
in a wide variety of processes involving the use of
strong inorganic acids including sulfuric acid.
Throughout these studies,sulfuric acid mists were the
most common exposure, and in two studies, the number
of cancers increased as exposure increased (6).
NTP: No IARC: No Z List: Yes OSHA Reg: Yes
Teratogenicity And Embryotoxicity: NA (No Human Information Is
Available).
Mutagenicity: There was a significantly higher number of sister
chromatoid exchanges, micronuclei and chromosomal
aberations in cultured lymphocytes (white blood cells)
from workers exposed to sulfur dioxide in a sulfuric
acid factory (6).
Reproductive Toxicity/Synergistic Effects: NA
Primary Routes Of Entry: Eye contact, skin contact, inhalation of
mist, and ingestion.
Acute Effects Of Exposure:
Inhalation: Sulfuric acid is corrosive and can cause severe irritation
or corrosive damage if inhaled. The degree and severity of
respiratory effects are influenced by factors such as the
physical state and particle size of the aerosol or mist,
deposition site, concentration and humidity. Sulfuric acid
can cause severe lung damage with a life-threatening
accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema). The
symptoms of pulmonary edema such as coughing and short-
ness of breath can be delayed for several hours or days
after the exposure. These symptoms are aggravated by
Physical exertion. Long term lung damage may result from a
severe short term exposure (5).Asthma can be aggravated by
exposure to sulfuric acid (5,12,13).
Skin Contact: Can cause severe burns and irritation (redness,swelling,
and pain) which may result in permanent scarring.
Extensive acid burns can result in death. High mist or
aerosol concentration may cause redness, irritation and
burns to the skin if contact is prolonged.
Eye Contact: Can cause severe irritation, burns and permanent damage
including blindness.
Ingestion: Sulfuric acid is corrosive and can cause burns to the
mouth,throat,esophagus and stomach if ingested. Symptoms
may include difficulty in swallowing, intense thirst,
nausea,vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases,collapse and
death. Small amounts of acid which enters the lungs during
ingestion or vomiting (aspiration) can cause serious lung
injury and death.
Skin Absorption: Non Identified
Chronic Effects Of Exposure:
Dental Erosion: Exposure to high concentrations ( reportedly up to 16
mg / m3 ) cause dental erosion (10). etching of teeth
may occur after a few weeks exposure, progressing to
erosion after a few months exposure (5). Dental etch-
ing and erosion occurred about 4 times as frequently
in a high exposure group(over 0.3 mg/m3) compared to a
low exposure group (below 0.07 mg/m3).(6)
Skin Effects: Repeated exposure to low concentration of acid mists or
aerosols can cause dermatitis (red, itchy, dry skin).
Inhalation Effects: Repeated exposure to sulfuric acid mists or
aerosol could cause symptoms of respiratory
irritation such as bronchial hyperreactivity.
Target Organs: Respiratory system, eyes, skin, teeth, and kidneys.
Other Health Hazards:
Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated By Exposure:
Respiratory disease, and damaged skin.
Emergency And First Aid Procedures:
Ingestion: Never give anything by mouth if victim is rapidly losing
consciousness, or is unconscious or convulsing. Have victim
rinse mouth thoroughly with water. Do not induce vomiting.
have victim drink 240-300 ml (8 to 10 oz.) of water. If
milk is available it may be administered after the water
has been given. If vomiting occurs naturally,have victim
lean forward to reduce risk of aspiration. Repeat admin-
istration of water.quickly,transport victim to an emergency
facility.
Inhalation: Take proper precautions to ensure your own safety before
attempting rescue; e.g., wear appropriate protective
equipment, use the " buddy " system. Remove source of
contamination or move victim to fresh air. If breathing is
difficult, oxygen may be beneficial if administered by a
person trained in its use, preferably on a physician’s
advice. Ensure victim is completely at rest, do not allow
any physical exertion. Symptoms may be delayed up to 48
hours after exposure. Immediately transport victim to an
emergency medical facility.
Eye Contact: In case of eye contact, immediately flush the affected
eye(s) with plenty of lukewarm water, gently flowing
water for at least 20-30 minutes, by the clock, holding
the eyelid(s) open. Neutral saline solution may be used
as soon as it is available. Do not interrupt flushing. If
necessary, keep emergency vehicle waiting. Take care not
to rinse contaminated water into the non-affected eye. If
irritation persists, repeat flushing. Quickly, transport
victim to an emergency facility.
Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with lukewarm water for at least
20-30 minutes, by the clock. Under running water, remove
contaminated clothing, shoes, and leatherwears (e.g.,
watchbands, belts). Do not interrupt flushing. If
Necessary, keep emergency vehicle waiting. transport
victim to an emergency care facility immediately. Com-
pletely decontaminate clothing,shoes, and leatherwears
before reuse or discard.
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Section 6 - Reactivity Data
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Stability: Stable under 340 Deg C
Conditions To Avoid: Heat and water
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.
Decomposition Products: Hydrogen and oxides of sulfur
Incompatibles: Can react with most metals generating flammable
hydrogen gas.React vigorously, violently or explosively
with many organic and inorganic chemicals including
water, acrylonirile, alkali solutions, carbides,
chlorates, fulminates, nitrates, perchlorates,
permangenates, picrates, metal acetylides or carbides,
epichlorohydrin, aniline, ethylenediamine, alcohols
with strong hydrogen peroxide, chlorosulfonic acid,
cyclopentadiene, hydrofluoric acid,nitromethane, 4-
nitrotoluene, phosphorous (iii) oxide, potassium,
sodium, ethylene glycol,isoprene, styrene (15,17,18).
Acetaldehyde and allyl chloride may polymerize
violently in the presence of sulfuric acid (17).
Hazardous gases such as hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen
sulfide, and acetylene, are evolved on contact with
chemicals such as cyanides, sulfides and carbides (16).
References 15, 17, and 18 provide more complete lists
of chemicals that may produce hazardous chemical
reactions with sulfuric acid.
Corrosivity To Metals: Very corrosive to most metals.
Oxidizing Properties: Pure or concentrated sulfuric acid is a good
oxidizing agent(23), while hot concentrated
sulfuric acid is a strong oxidizing agent (24).
Although the degree of oxidizing ability of
sulfuric acid may vary from concentrated to
dilute, or, from room temperature to hot,
sulfuric acid is nevertheless an oxyacid with
oxidizing ability.
Effect On Plastics: Many plastics do not resist concentrated sulfuric
acid of greater than 50-60%. Teflon is the only
common plastic that resists at all concentrations
(14).
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Section 7- Spill And Disposal Procedure
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Steps To Be Taken In The Event Of A Spill Or Discharge:
Precautions: Restrict access to area until completion of cleanup.
Ensure cleanup is conducted by fully-trained personnel
only. wear adequate personal protective equipment. Remove
or isolate flammable or incompatible materials. Ventilate
area. Notify government occupational health and safety
and environmental authorities.
Clean-Up: Do not touch spilled material. Keep upwind and out of low
areas. Avoid inhaling vapor. Stop or reduce leak if it can
be done without risk. Prevent material from entering sewers,
waterways, or confined spaces. Recover spilled acid if
feasible. Contain spill with earth,sand, or absorbent
material which does not react with spilled chemical. For
small spills, contain and soak up spill with absorbent
material which does not react with spilled chemical. Put
material in suitable, covered, labeled container. Fush area
with water. Do not get water inside containers. Contaminated
absorbent material may pose the same hazards as the spilled
product.
For large spills, contact fire and emergency services and
supplier for advice. Water fog or spray may be necessary to
knock down vapors.
Disposal Procedure: Dispose in accordance with all applicable federal,
state, and local environmental regulations.
Epa Hazardous Waste Number: D002, D003 (Corrosive, Reactive Waste)
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Section 8 - Industrial Protective Equipment
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Ventilation: Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep
mist or vapor levels below 1 mg/m3 of this product in the
confined space.
Sampling And Analysis: OSHA Method IMIS 2310-OSHA CD-ROM (OSHA A94-2)
US Department of Labour, February, 1994.
Partially validated method. Collection on mixed
cellulose ester membrane filter. Analysis by
ion-exchange chromatography (ic).
NIOSH method 7903- NIOSH manual of analytical
methods. 3rd ed. vol.1. validated method.
Collection on washed silica gel sorbent tube
with glass fibre membrane filter plug. Analysis
by ion-exchange chromatography (ic).
direct reading instruments: Colorimetric
analyzer,photometric analyzer.
Colorimetric detector tubes: Commercially
available.
Engineering Controls: Engineering methods to control hazardous
conditions are preferred. Methods include
mechanical ventilation (dilution and local
exhaust), process or personnel enclosure,
control of process conditions, and process
modifications(e.g., substitution of a less
hazardous acid/substance).
Administrative controls and personal protective
equipment may also be required.Because of the
high potential hazard associated with this
substance, stringent control measures such as
Enclosure or isolation are recommended when deal-
ing with mists. Use corrosion-resistant local
exhaust ventilation systems separate from other
exhaust ventilation systems. Cleaning of
contaminated exhaust air before release to the
outdoors may be necessary. Supply sufficient
replacement air to make up for air removed by
exhaust system.
Personal Protective Equipment: If engineering controls and work
practices are not effective in
controlling exposure to this material,
then wear suitable personal protective
equipment including approved
respiratory protection. Have
appropriate equipment available for use
in emergencies such as spills or fire.
If respiratory protection is required,
institute a complete respiratory
protection program including selection,
fit testing training, maintenance and
inspection. Refer to csa standard
z94.4-m93, " selection, care, and use
of respirators.
Respiratory Protection Guidelines: NIOSH recommendations for sulfuric
acid concentrations in air (22):
Up to 25 mg/m3, use powered air-
purifying respirator with acid
gas cartridge(s) and a high
efficiency particulate filter; or
sar operated in a continuous-flow
mode.
Up to 50 mg/m3, full-facepiece
SCBA, or full-facepiece sar, or gas
mask with acid gas canister and a
high efficiency particulate
filter,or full-facepiece chemical
cartridge respirator with acid gas
cartridge(s) and a high efficiency
particulate filter.
Up to 80 mg/m3,positive pressure,
Full-facepiece SAR.
Emergency or planned entry into
unknown concentration or IDLH
conditions: Positive pressure full-
facepiece SCBA, or positive pres-
sure full-facepiece SAR with
auxiliary positive pressure SCBA.
IDLH concentration for sulfuric
acid is 80 mg/m3.
Escape: gas mask with acid gas
canister and a high efficiency
particulate filter, or scape-type
SCBA.
note: substance reported to cause
eye irritation or damage, eye
protection needed.
Recommendations apply only to
NIOSH and MSHA approved
respirators.
Eye / Face Protection: Gas-tight chemical safety goggles. A face
shield may also be necessary in an open system.
Skin Protection: Impervious gloves, coveralls, boots, and/or other
resistant protective clothing to protect all possible
skin contacts. An impervious acid-resistant full-body
encapsulating suit and respiratory protection may be
required in some operations.
Resistance Of Materials For Protective Clothing:
Very Good: Butyl Rubber, Butyl/-Neoprene, Polyethylene, Teflon (Tm),
Saranax (Tm), Barricade(Tm), Chemrel (Tm), Responder (Tm),
(20).
Good: Neoprene+Natural Rubber (21).
Fair / Poor: Polyvinyl Alcohol,Nitrile, Polyvinyl Chloride (20,21).
Note: Resistance of a material can vary from product to product.
Evaluate resistance under conditions of use.
Enclosure Controls/Personal Protection Comments:
Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Keep contaminated cloth-
ing thoroughly wet or immersed in water in closed containers. Discard
or launder before rewearing. Inform laundry personnel of contamina-
tion's hazards. Do not eat or drink in work areas. Maintain good
housekeeping.
Others: Eye wash fountain and safety shower in the area of work is
required.
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Section 9 - Storage And Handling Precautions
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Storage: Store in tightly closed corrosion-resistant container. Store
in a dry, and well ventilated place. Do not store in vicinity
of incompatible materials. Keep quantities stored as small as
possible. Avoid bulk storage indoors.
Handling: This material is corrosive, oxidizer, and very toxic. Before
handling,it is important that engineering controls are
operating and that protective equipment requirements and
personal hygiene measures are being followed. People working
with this chemical should be properly trained regarding its
hazards and its safe use.
Avoid producing chemical mist or vapor. Prevent the release
of mist or vapor into the air. Use the smallest possible
amounts in an area separate from the storage area. When
handling large quantities, closed handling systems should be
used. Unprotected persons should avoid all contacts with
this chemical including contaminated equipment.
Label containers. Avoid damaging containers. Keep containers
tightly closed when not in use. Assume that empty containers
contain residues which are hazardous. Use corrosion-
resistant transfer equipment when dispensing. Whenever
possible, use self-closing, portable containers for dispens-
ing small amounts of this material. Never transfer liquid
by pressurizing the original container with air or inert
gas. Follow the chemical supplier's advice regarding venting
of drums. Immediately contact the supplier for handling
Instruction if drums of this material appear to be swollen.
Have suitable emergency equipment for fire,spills and leaks
readily available. Practice good housekeeping. Maintain
handling equipment. Comply with applicable regulations. Do
not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Wash thoroughly
with water after handling. Remove contaminated clothing
immediately.Keep contaminated clothing in closed container.
Discard or launder before rewearing. Inform laundry person-
nel of contaminant’s hazards. Do not eat or drink in work
area.
Note: Material is electrically conductive. Do not store or handle near
electric currents. Read the entire msds and label before storage
and handling.
Empty Containers: Retain product residue and vapors.Apply all neces-
sary precautions to empty containers of this product
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Section 10 - Regulatory Information
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WHMIS: C (Oxidizing Material), D1A (Very Toxic, Immediate And Serious
Effects),D2A (Very Toxic,Other Effects),E (Corrosive Material).
TDG / D.O.T.: Sulphuric Acid, Class 8(9.2) UN1830, PG II. Special
Provision 109
DSL / NDSL / TSCA: The (all) constituent(s) of this product is(are)
included on the DSL / NDSL of CEPA and TSCA
inventory.
SARA/Title III Hazard Categories And Lists: Acute (Yes), Chronic(Yes),
Flammability (No),
Pressure (No),Reactivity
(Yes), Extremely Hazard-
ous Substance (Yes),CERCLA
Hazardous Substance (Yes),
SARA 313 Toxic Chemicals
(Yes),TSCA Inventory (Yes)
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Section 11 - Precautionary Warning
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Xentex® Safety Data System
Health 3 High
Flammability 0 None
Reactivity 3 High
Contact 4 Extreme
NFPA: Health-3, Flammability-0, Reactivity-3
Specific Hazard: Water Reactive
0 = Minimal 1 = Slight 2 = Moderate 3 = Serious 4 = Severe
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Section 12 - Abbreviations
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NA = Not Available, Or Not Applicable N/E = Not Established
TWA = Time-Weighted Average
STEL = Short Term Exposure Limit
PEL = Permissible Exposure Limit
OSHA = Occupational Safety And Health Administration
ACGIH = American Conference Of Government Industrial Hygienists
TLV = Threshold Limit Value
SAR = Supplied-Air Respirator
SCBA = Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
IDLH = Immediately Dangerous To Life Or Health
NIOSH = National Institute For Occupational Safety And Health
MSHA = Mine Safety And Health Administration
WHMIS = Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
TDG = Transportation Of Dangerous Goods
CEPA = Canadian Environmental Protection Act
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Section 13 - Other Information
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THE INFORMATION, DATA, AND REFERENCES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE BELIEVED TO
BE CORRECT BUT DOES NOT PURPORT TO BE ALL-INCLUSIVE AND SHALL BE USED
ONLY AS A GUIDE AND IS NOT PACKAGE SIZE SPECIFIC, NOR SHOULD IT BE TAKEN
AS A WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION. THIS INFORMATION IS OFFERED SOLELY FOR
YOUR CONSIDERATION, INVESTIGATION, AND VERIFICATION. ANY USE OF THE
INFORMATION MUST BE DETERMINED BY THE USER TO BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
APPLICABLE FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. NOTHING
HEREIN IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS RECOMMENDING ANY PRACTICE IN VIOLATION OF
ANY PATENT OR IN VIOLATION OF ANY LAW OR REGULATION. IT IS THE USER'S
RESPONSIBILITY TO DETERMINE FOR HERSELF / HIMSELF THE SUITABILITY OF
THIS PRODUCT FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE AND TO ADOPT SUCH SAFETY PRECAUTION
AS MAY BE NECESSARY. WE MAKE NO WARRANTY AS TO THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED
IN USING ANY OF OUR PRODUCTS. SINCE ALL CONSEQUENCES OF USING AND HANDLING
THIS PRODUCT ARE NOT KNOWN TO US, AND CONDITIONS OF USE AND HANDLING ARE
NOT UNDER OUR CONTROL, WE MUST NECESSARILY DISCLAIM ALL LIABILITY WITH
RESPECT TO THE USE, APPLICATION, STORAGE, AND TRANSPORTATION OF THIS
PRODUCT. XENTEX® SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGE RESULTING FROM
HANDLING OR FROM CONTACT WITH THIS PRODUCT. READ THE PRODUCT BULLETIN,
PRODUCT LABEL, THE REVERSE SIDE OF THE INVOICE OR PACKING SLIP, AND THE
CUSTOMER AGREEMENT FOR ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE.
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Section 14 - References
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(1) RTECS Record For Sulfuric Acid. Date of last update: 94 01
(2) Smyth,H.F., Et Al. Range-Finding Toxicity Data: List Vii.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 30 No.5
(September-October 1969) P. 470-476
(3) Carpenter, C.P., Et Al. Chemical Burns Of The Rabbit Cornea.
American Journal Of Ophthalmology. Vol. 29 (1946). P. 1363-1372
(4) Murphy, J.C., Et Al. Ocular Irritanty Responses To Various Phs
Of Acids And Bases With And Without Irrigation. Toxicology. Vol.
23 (1982). P. 281-291
(5) Kristensen, P. Inorganic Acid Aerosol, In: Criteria Documents
From The Nordic Expert Group 1992, Edited By B. Beije, Et Al.
Arbete Och Halsa 1993:1 Arbetsmiljoinstitutet, Sweden, 1993.
P.7-54
(6) IARC Monographs On The Evaluation Of Carcinogenic Risks To
Humans. Vol. 54.Iarc, 1992. P.41-130
(7) Lippmann, M., Et Al. Basis For A Particle Size-Selective Tlv For
Sulfuric Acid Aerosols. Applied Industrial Hygiene. Vol. 2, No.5
(September, 1987) P. 188-199
(8) Gearhart, J.M., Et Al. Sulfuric Acid-Induced Airway
Hyperresponsiveness. Fundamental And Applied Toxicology. Vol. 7
(1986). P. 681-689
(9) Murray, F.J.,Et Al. Embryotoxicity Of Inhaled Sulfuric Acid
Aerosol In Mice And Rabbits. Journal Of Environment, Science,
And Health. Vol C13, No. 3 (1979). P. 251-266
(10) Documentation Of The Threshold Limit Values And Biological
Exposure Indices. 5th Ed. Acgih, 1987. P. 544
(11) Knapp, M.J.,Et Al. Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome From
Sulfuric Acid Fume Inhalation. Southern Medical Journal. Vol.
84, No. 8 (August, 1991) P. 1031-1033
(12) Avol, E.L., Et Al. Respiratory Dose-Response Study Of Normal And
Asthmatic Volunteers Exposed To Sulfuric Acid Aerosol In The
Sub-Micrometer Size Range. Toxicology And Industrial Health.
Vol. 4 No. 2 (1988). P. 173-184
(13) Linn, W.S., Et Al. Effect Of Droplet Size On Respiratory
Responses To Inhaled Sulfuric Acid In Normal And Asthmatic
Volunteers. American Review Of Respiratory Disease. Vol. 140,
No.1 (July, 1989). P. 161-166
(14) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia Of Chemical Technology. 3rd. Ed. Vol.
22. John Wiley And Sons , 1983. P.190-232
(15) HSDB Record For Sulfuric Acid. Date Of Last Update: 93 08
(16) Sulfuric Acid, 77 To 100% (Dupont Canada Inc.). Print Out From
MSDS Database. Date Of Msds: 1993-08-25
(17) Bretherick, L. Bretherick's Handbook Of Reactive Chemical
Hazards. 4th Ed. Butterworths, 1990. P. 92-93, 162-163, 251,
272, 348-349, 362, 708-709, 1146, 1172-1173, 1196, 1215-1221,
1277, 1292, 1299-1300,1371, 1432, 1659, 1680
(18) Fire Protection Guide On Hazardous Materials. 10th Ed. National
Fire Protection Association, 1991. P. 49-164 To 49-165, 491m-205
To 491m-207
(19) Corrosion Datasurvey. Metal Section. 6th Ed.National Association
Of Corrosion Engineers, 1985. P. 124-125
(20) Forsberg, K., Et Al. Quick Selection Guide To Chemical Rotective
Clothing. 2nd Ed. Van Nostran Reinhold, 1993
(21) Chemical Protective Clothing. Vol.2. American Industrial Hygiene
Association, 1990
(22) NIOSH Pocket Guide To Chemical Hazards. NIOSH, June 1990.
P.200-201
(23) Basic Modern Chemistry. 2nd Edition. Mcgraw-Hill Company Of
Canada Limited, 1969. P. 256.
(24) Foundation Of Chemistry. Metric Edition. Holt, Rinehart And
Winston Of Canada. 1986. P.605-606.
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